The Ethical Principles in Health Care Organization Essays

The Ethical Principles in Health Care Organization Essays The Ethical Principles in Health Care Organization Paper The Ethical Principles in Health Care Organization Paper For decades, the American system of health care has relied primarily on employer-sponsored insurance programs as a gateway through which individual’s access health care services. Gaps have been filled in through public insurance programs – such as Medicare, Medicaid, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) and other more locally-based programs – to cover elderly, disabled and certain low income populations who cannot access the employer-based market. In addition, the government (federal, state and local) provides certain limited subsidies (e. g. , tax deductions for the self-employed) for individuals to purchase insurance policies in the private market on their own. While this system has worked effectively for many Americans, it has left behind a significant number – approximately 42 million – who lack any form of health insurance coverage. For these individuals, the country has developed an institutional health care safety net to ensure that they nevertheless receive access to needed care. This institutional safety net is comprised of the many hospitals, clinics and individual providers who serve all who seek their care without regard to ability to pay. Most of these providers receive some support for the uncompensated care they provide through various public programs (on the federal, state and local levels). America has long relied on this two-tiered approach to addressing the problem of the uninsured: expanding access to insurance coverage while providing financial support to safety net providers serving the uninsured. Some policymakers prefer to emphasize coverage over institutional support for providers, others might tip the balance in the other direction. But the two strategies are inexorably linked: if we do not expand insurance coverage we will need a strong system of safety net providers to serve the higher number of uninsured; conversely, if we do not adequately support safety net providers we will need to ensure that individuals can get care on the private market meaning they will need coverage. NAPH supports strong public policy in both arenas. We believe that all individuals should have access to health insurance coverage. Universal coverage is and should be the ultimate goal of health policy in this area. However, even under a system of universal coverage there will always be individuals who, for whatever reasons, fall through the cracks and remain uninsured. For these people, it is imperative that a strong and viable system of safety net providers be available to ensure that care is provided even for those without the means to pay. For America as it enters the twenty-first century, these realities mean that we should be expanding coverage – even if incrementally – however and wherever we can. And we should be providing financial and other support for our safety net providers so that they may continue to meet the needs of the uninsured. Expansion of coverage and preservation of the safety net – these are the dual goals of NAPH policy on the uninsured.

The Difference Between Homology and Homoplasy

The Difference Between Homology and Homoplasy Two common terms used in the science of evolution are  homology and homoplasy. While these terms sound similar (and indeed have a shared linguistic element), they are quite different in their scientific meanings. Both terms refer to sets of biological characteristics that are shared by two or more species (hence the prefix homo), but one term indicates that the shared characteristic came from a common ancestor species, while the other term refers to a shared characteristic that evolved independently in each species.   Homology Defined The term homology refers to biological structures or characteristics that are similar or the same. These characteristics are found  on two or more different species when those characteristics can be traced to a common ancestor. An example of homology is seen in the forelimbs of frogs, birds, rabbits, and lizards. Although these limbs have a different appearance in each species, they all share the same set of bones. This same arrangement of bones has been identified in fossils of a very old extinct species,  Eusthenopteron, which was inherited by frogs, birds, rabbits, and lizards.   Homoplasy Defined Homoplasy, on the other hand, describes a biological structure or characteristic that two or more different species have in common that was not inherited from a common ancestor. A homoplasy evolves independently, usually due to natural selection in similar environments or filling the same type of niche as the other species which also have that trait. A common example often cited is the eye, which developed independently in many different species.   Divergent and Convergent Evolution Homology is a product of divergent evolution. This means that a single ancestor species split, or diverges, into  two or more species at some time in its history. This occurs due to some type of natural selection or environmental isolation that separates the new species from the ancestor. The divergent species now begin to evolve  separately, but they still retain some of the characteristics of the common ancestor. These shared ancestral characteristics are known as homologies. Homoplasy, on the other hand, is due to  convergent evolution. Here, different species develop, rather than inherit, similar traits. This may happen because the species are living in similar environments, filling similar niches, or through the process of natural selection. One example of convergent natural selection is when a species evolves to mimic the appearance of another, such as when a non-poisonous species develop similar markings to a highly venomous species. Such mimicry offers a distinct advantage by deterring potential predators. The similar markings shared by the scarlet kingsnake (a harmless species) and the deadly coral snake is an example of convergent evolution.   Homology Versus Homoplasy Homology and homoplasy are often difficult to identify, since both may be present in the same physical characteristic. The wing of birds and bats is an example where both homology and homoplasy are present. The bones within the wings are homologous structures that are inherited from a common ancestor. All wings include a type of breastbone, a large upper arm bone, two forearm bones, and what would be hand bones. This basic bone structure is found in many species, including humans, leading to the correct conclusion that birds, bats, humans, and many other species share a common ancestor.   But the wings themselves are homoplasies, since many of the species with this shared bone structure, including humans, do not have wings. From the shared ancestor with a certain bone structure, natural selection eventually led to the development of birds and bats with wings that allowed them to fill a niche and survive in a particular  environment. Meanwhile, other divergent species eventually  developed the fingers and thumbs necessary to occupy a different niche.

The Biological Aspects of Aging Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Biological Aspects of Aging - Assignment Example It is, therefore, the renowned essayist and scholar Sir Francis Bacon has rightly stated the relationship between husband and wife in these words: â€Å"Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses.† (literaturepage.com) The same applies to husbands too, who look after their elderly wives with extreme sympathy, compassion, and care. However, children should also acknowledge their responsibilities towards the aged and ailing parents; otherwise, their death leaves nothing but the feelings of utter repentance and remorse in the heart of the children. Though it is really worrying to note that dear aunt is suffering from depression, please do not take it to heart too seriously my dear. Man experiences several apparent and hidden changes as soon as he starts growing old. His physical and mental capacities start weakening gradually, which badly tells upon his mind and nerves. You see how certain factors work jointly to make man feeble and helpless. Since he is not ready for that all, he undergoes such disgusting feelings that cause depression, exasperation, and annoyance in him, which pave the way towards his psychological collapse and mental illness. The same is the case with my dear aunt and your kind mother Mrs. Andrew, who is undergoing mental retardation because of elderly years. â€Å"Certain psychological and physiological changes†, Ferrini & Ferrini observe, â€Å"that occur with age affect memory, thinking pro ­cesses, mood, and personality. Some of these changes are perceived as positive by elders. For example, th e elder has accumulated a wealth of experiences, which may result in improved judg ­ment, decision making, or empathy.† (2008: 194) You will also be worried about her weakness and ailment my dear Michael, as she would pretend a bit nagging too these days out of sheer feelings of depression and despair. Since elderly have a lot of experience and a bit wealth too.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

English - Essay Example In each form of writing, though, Baldwin manages to retain his own voice, imbuing his writing with music and imagery that makes it possible for the reader to fully appreciate the situation he is attempting to describe. This can be determined by comparing one of his short stories, such as the very popular â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† with one of his essays, such as â€Å"The Harlem Ghetto.† The short story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† is not told in chronological order but is instead revealed in bits and pieces as the narrator interacts with those around him. When one reads through the entire story, the conditions of life in the ghetto are more fully understood. It is discovered that the narrator and his younger brother had lived together with their mother their entire lives. While the older brother was able to graduate from high school and join the Army as a means of supporting himself, the hardships of life finally took their toll on the boys’ mother and she died while the younger brother, Sonny, was still in school. Not able to take care of his brother himself and with no other family to turn to, the narrator made arrangements for Sonny to stay with the family of the narrator’s fiancà ©, who introduced Sonny to music and the piano. At the time, Sonny begged his brother to help him (Sonny) join the Navy in order to avoid some kind of trouble only Sonny seems aware of. Too involved in his own problems to listen to Sonny, the narrator leaves to complete his tour of duty while his brother begins skipping school and getting involved in drugs. By the time the narrator has returned home, his brother has gone to jail for dealing in drugs and the story begins as the narrator attempts to bring Sonny back into his life upon Sonny’s release. The entire story, then, follows the narrator’s attempts to finally ‘hear’ his brother enough to develop an effective and supportive relationship that will allow both

Should Women Be Allowed in Combat Essay Example for Free

Should Women Be Allowed in Combat Essay For centuries our women have been going into combat, so how come all of a sudden the conflict on whether they should or shouldn’t has become such an uproar. When the women in tribes fought over food and men during our beginnings, those women were undoubtedly in combat. And as the centuries went on, women warriors were not considered that unusual, for example at least 400 women soldier fought in the civil war along side their male comrades, only to be know there gender once killed. So how is it that in today’s society, we are so caught up with the though of women making their way into a male dominant world. Some say it is that women could not deal with the emotions of killing another human being, that we are not mentally strong enough to handle the conditions of a war zone, and although physically they may not be a mans equal but when shooting a gun and being shot at there is no difference. Statistics have not been able to prove that men would be better at the military jobs, but only that history shows the solitary members of the army being men. However with modern technology warfare has greatly evolved and it relies more on So how is that our on There fore howcome, our main arugment is that â€Å"women are not strong enough to fight, women are not capable of the emotions brought through war† This helps to show that women in combat are nothing new, and it is only modern times that we have thought of women as fragile and over emotional. Real women have saved lives, gone in to space, fought wars, invented, financed and designed everything from nuclear fission to radium, and from DNA to COBOL. Real women have overcome as many, if not more, obstacles and hardships than have men. Women pioneered, starved, reigned, battled, spied, strategized, and taught, doctored, nursed, reared families, started churches, and won political rights, yet few magazines, books, movies and television productions tell these stories. Its not a gender thing, its not a sex thing, its not a strength thing a highly trained, highly intelligent, strongly motivated person can do any job the military has to offer and do it well. After all, the Amazons didnt cut off their breasts any more than the Legion of Thebes cut off their testicles and both groups won battles galore! Women have been fighting for the right to be seen mentally and physically equal to the men in the Military, however how can they be seen as equal when the basic physical test has been altered so there is a chance for some women to be accepted in. Women on average only have 60% of the physical strength of men, and when put to the test the top 20% of women equaled to the bottom 20% of men. Men are taught to honor and protect women, boys are taught not to hits girls. I think this makes good sense and is an essential element of our civilization. Sending women into combat utter destroys those values and morals. Women are not suited by temperament or by physical characteristics for the highly aggressive, ultra-violent pursuit of victory in battle. Much of an army’s success depends upon intimidation of the enemy. A force composed of women is far less intimidating than one consisting of macho men. Intimidation of the enemy saves lives in wartime. Already, the side effects of abandoning traditional female sterotypes – likes the notiona that giels are extremely sensitive or have a unique role in nurturing an protecting children are apparent however girls are increasing becoming more in touch with their aggreseive instincest, leading to more girl on girl physical violence. Women should have every right to serve the country, however I do feel that service should stop when it come to front line battle. And those determined to make it to the front line should have to meet the exact same physical and mental critera of those as men. Australia is so terrified of being accused for sexism that we refuse to acknowledge that most of us shudder to the idea and thought of women being sent of to war. If a draft was reinstated, the women who have so called fought to show how men and women can be equal have now placed every other women in a position they were not fighting for.

Essay About Family: A Portrait of a Sister :: Personal Narrative essay about my family

A Portrait of a Sister Sitting at my desk, trying to organize all my server sales reports from work, photo-copied papers, coupons, gift-certificates and important receipts, I start laughing to myself at how much I am like my sister. The sound of her soft voice echoes through my mind, â€Å" Lee, photo-copy all these documents, and don’t forget to keep your receipts.† That is my sister’s fetish; anything important must be photocopied, unless a sin. It’s those little things she says and does that I have always teased her about that I find myself doing now. I glance up looking on my desk for the FAFSA document, and the picture of my sister and me driving the cardboard school bus catches my eye. January 1988 Sitting in my living room, my grandma and mom were taking down the Christmas decorations, and putting them in cardboard boxes. My sister always had my grandma’s creativity, which they both passed on to me. My sister turned to me and said, â€Å" I have a fun project for us, Lee.† Rolling my eyes and looking back over my shoulder, to my sister, I said, â€Å"Oh, no way. Last time you had a fun project I ended up having my hands tied behind my back.† She informed me that it would be really fun, she swore. The whole week we secretly stashed cardboard boxes in the closet in our room, and then we cut out all different shapes. The shapes together were going to make up a school bus. Since my mom is a schoolteacher we stole her paint, and later that week we painted the cardboard yellow. Two weeks later, we presented our project to my mom and grandma at dinner. We were so proud of ourselves. Looking back now, I remember that the school bus was our favorite toy for that week. I also remember that the following week my sister had a new â€Å"project†. May 1996 My first week of JV Kickline tryouts. I come home and say, â€Å"We have a mission on our hands.† I tell her it is now time to make me the next member of the Bethpage JV Kickline team. During that whole week of tryouts, I am practically in house arrest. I think this is when my sister really teaches me that no one is perfect and she shows me how to use my strongest strength.

Open Government Essay

The U.S. and UK present data to people in all sorts of diverse ways. One way is through internet traffic going to their different websites. This paper will look at four different websites, two from the US and two from the UK, and compare and contrast how the data is presented. It will analyze the impact the data has on professional, ethical, legal, security, cultural or social issues and responsibilities. The basic design of the sites, the ease of use, and the type of data presented will also be taken into account. The overall goal will be to get an idea of how these two governments present information to the population they serve. The first site web site is the WHITE HOUSE. When entering this site, the first thing the viewer will notice is the big weekly address topic panning through the top half of the page. This panning image with links to further information, changes with a few other topics of the day/week which also have links with photos/videos and more information. Another nice aspect is the lack of advertisement. This makes the site standout out as being very professional and important so the reader just focuses on the topics on the page instead of wondering off or getting distracted. There are the typical tabs above the panning topic which allow the viewer to dive deeper into different categories that are offered which relate to the White House such as a Blog section, Photos & Video, Briefing Room, Issues, the Administration, White House, and Government. When scrolled over, a drop down menu shows up with more in dept subcategories for that tab. Under the panning topics, there is a featured topic, with a small picture and a brief description. The option to browse through different topics in this featured section is available. Also underneath the panning topic, taking up a smaller portion of the screen on the right, there is a search engine. When the viewer searches for a word or phrase it basically takes them to a Bing search page with all the results, but all the results are from the WHITE HOUSE website, whether they are articles, relevant posting or blogs, all tied to the website. Scrolling further down the home page further, there’s links to several blog postings by White House correspondents, the White House schedule of events and featured legislation (the link actually takes you to the Bill) with the option to comment on pending legislation. Next to these on the right, there’s a place to create and sign petitions, the photo of the day, a spot to sign up for email alerts and a way to stay connected through Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, Linkin, YouTube, etc. All these different avenues to venture down seem to be placed on the home page in accordance of relevance and popularity. Besides the panning topics, there seems to be a lot of emphases on the blog links. This site is easy to navigate through and there seems to be no wasted space or filler content and that the links all lead to topics of relevance and interest. Basically this site was designed for viewers to get an overview of what is going on in and around the White House. Topics are focused on current events and informative blog postings with White House perspectives through the blog writers with a little bit of posts that aim to strike peoples interests. Links to any information about the government and its components and what they are working on is also readily available. This site seems to be well run and designed for what it was intended to due which is to get information out there that is informative and a little bit of entertainment all relative to what the White House and their people are doing. The website Number 10 is the official site of the British Prime Minister’s Office. Like the WHITE HOUSE site, the main focus is a panning banner that has the top headlines rolling through and some tabs above to take the viewer to links on News, Policy, The Coalition, History & Tour, Transparency, and Take Part. There is also a search engine, but it looks to be run by the actual website itself. Under the panning topics taking up the majority of the screen, there’s a section, Policy by Department, with around 15 or so thumbnail pictures symbolizing different categories the viewer can click on from Afghanistan to business/economics to education to the environment, etc. The thumbnails take the viewer to a different web page on the same site with an in depth look at the category selected. When the page is scrolled down past the policies section there’s the Take Part section and a Transparency Section. Both have links to go further into whatever subtopic is selected. To the right side of these sections, taking up a little less screen space, there is options set up to follow Number 10 through Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, and their own app. Also, instead of using the tabs above the panning topics for some categories, they have little sections down the side to click on. Near the bottom, there are three more sections which reference Real Time Energy Use, Meet the PM, and Budget 2012. This was another website designed to give you information on want is going on in the government, more specifically, the Prime Minister’s office, like the WHITE HOUSE site for the UK. Focuses are on what they are doing and ways people can also contribute or â€Å"Take Part†. There also seems to be a theme of being open with their transparency section and the breakdown of energy use and the 2012 budget break down. The Number 10 site is also very user friendly and pretty self explanatory. Viewers can get their information with relative ease through the provided links. All four of these sites the focal point is on government. The first two (the WHITE HOUSE, Number 10) concentrate more on the office of who running the specified country, while the latter two circle around a broader spectrum of the two governments, the Senate and the Parliament. It’s easy to see the difference between the first two sites and the last two sites. The first two are more tailored towards the President and Prime Minister and are definitely more interactive with videos and pictures, making them more alluring to the viewers. The Senate and Parliament look to be more standardized, especially the Senator site.

Sap with Body Shop

SAP is the world’s leading provider of business software solutions. SAP ® solutions are designed to meet the demands of companies of all sizes. mySAPâ„ ¢ Business Suite solutions are helping enterprises around the world improve customer relationships, enhance partner collaboration and create efficiencies across their supply chains and business operations. The Body Shop is unifying its worldwide operations on SAP ® enterprise software, deploying the SAP for Retail industry solution across its headquarters, regional offices, warehouses and more than 2,000 wholly-owned and franchise outlets worldwide.The Body Shop, an SAP customer since 1999, chose SAP’s integrated retail enterprise applications to harmonize business processes across its global network, creating a strong yet adaptive foundation for business growth with the SAP NetWeaverâ„ ¢ technology platform. The worldwide rollout, being implemented with support from IT service provider Diagonal Consulting, is part of the retailer’s three-year strategic plan to achieve enterprisewide consistency in forecasting, ordering, allocation and distribution processes.Replacing a number of legacy systems, SAP’s suite of core enterprise applications and specialized software for retailers will cover end-to-end business processes from headquarters down to the store level, powering the company’s financial processes, warehouse and supply chain management, new product development and point-of-sale (POS) operations. Jon Granville, the global head of IT of The Body Shop said, â€Å"We chose SAP for its retail expertise, global reach and solution scope.Our global SAP rollout is not an IT initiative, but a business initiative that will help us improve our key processes that drive competitive advantage at each local outlet. SAP for Retail will help us provide targeted support throughout our sales and distribution network and, ultimately, deliver better service to our customers. † H P with body shop The Body Shop has named HP as its preferred global infrastructure partner to migrate its existing disparate legacy systems to a complete, standards-based HP infrastructure solution.With operations in 52 countries and more than 2,000 stores, The Body Shop has experienced rapid and extensive global growth in recent years. It is estimated that The Body Shop sells a product every 0. 4 seconds, coming to more than 77 million customer transactions annually throughout stores worldwide. HP is delivering a standardised information technology architecture across the firm's global operations, reducing the overall total cost of ownership of IT and providing higher system performance and room for future growth.The consolidated infrastructure will cut management time and cost, ease load balancing, improve system and space utilisation, and optimise the return on investment of The Body Shop's new global enterprise resource planning implementation. The Body Shop's IT vision takes a ‘One World, One Way' approach to its global infrastructure. HP embraced this vision and is helping the company design, build, integrate, manage and evolve into an Adaptive Enterprise ‘ one that will be able to easily adapt to change to meet the needs of its growing business, while ensuring operational readiness and protecting its critical business processes. HP is proving to be a perfect partner,' said Jon Granville, global head of IT, The Body Shop. ‘HP understands the retail sector and our requirements and this allows us to work together on a total global infrastructure solution to achieve our IT vision and so meet the needs of the business.This is a significantly different approach to the other competitive offerings we evaluated, and will ultimately provide us with the means to ensure better visibility of consumer data, streamlined operation of our supply chains and better integration of our processes right across our global businesses. About body shop’s web Body shop has an amazing website. You almost can find everything you want to know on the website such as what ingredients in each product. They separate the categories in a clearly way, for example: they have best seller; make-up; bath and body; hair; fragrance ect. When you click into some products you are interest, you can find out how it works and what the other customer’s view and some suggestion. There are 29 languages on body shop’s web, so Japanese don’t need to worry if they can’t understand English.Also they publish a lot of promotions on the web, such as what is on sale and that gift box they are selling at moment. The web nearly record everything happened in body shop. For example, Body shop sent their employees to the suppliers and report what they find on the internet. The Last report online is about a man called peter, he went to Africa to know how they make Shea butter, he even try to make it by himself and he write about how it feel af ter he used the Shea butter. His report and photos; videos just make us trust body shop more.It’s a special way to make customers to believe how good body shop’s products are. One more amazing thing to me on the web. They have a ‘The Body Shop skin care regime guide’, it’s a questionnaire to help you to know what type skin you are, and after your finish the test, they will give you suggestion about the skin care product and eye care product, they even divide the products into morning and night. It’s really easy and convenient for the first body shop user; it’s also a good tool to help you save the money, because you only need to buy the right products for yourself.

How to Write an Informative Essay on Strategic Marketing Management

How to Write an Informative Essay on Strategic Marketing Management When writing the informative essay, your overall goal is to inform your audience of something related to your course, or subject matter. To that end, you want to inform the reader on an important facet of a problem or situation. For example: you may want to tell your readers about health, but in so doing you have to whittle down your topic to something which you can easily explore and analyze in the number of pages or word limit you have been given. Topics Start by picking your broad topic. In most cases the first idea you have will not be small enough to be adequately covered. You want to be able to integrate some claims and supporting evidence such that by the end of reading your essay a reader is better informed on the issue at hand. Should your topic be too broad, you will be unable to do that well. To narrow down your topic, try to refine it by a specific demographic data such as: Age Location Gender Ethnic groups Occupation Time period For example: if you choose management, and you narrow it down to the prevalence of conflict in one department, or under one leader, you can refine it by a type of conflict or by a demographic such as males versus females or older employees versus younger employees. Research After the selection of your topic, you must begin the research. Bring with you things such as: Notecards of different colors Pens Highlighters Because you need evidence in order to properly inform, it will save you a great deal of time to bring notecards of various colors so that one color can highlight key ideas and the other color can be designated for supporting documentation. When you find a quote or statistic you want to use, write it down with the bibliographic information, or make a photocopy and highlight the portion you want to use. This seems remedial, and many students believe that once they find a key idea or statistic they will know exactly what it is at any point in the future; however, most students find that when it hits crunch time and they are frantically writing in search for that one idea they remember how they spot in a specific study that key idea but it is lost to them now. If you highlight it, it will not be lost. Evidence When presenting your evidence, you need to remain objective. This is not a personal piece where you inform the reader of your opinion. Rather, it is an academic piece where you must present evidence to support your claims. In cases like these the evidence comes in the form of: Scientific studies Data Quotes from experts in the field Anecdotes Statistics Writing With your notes and evidence, it is time to start writing. Generally, the structure of the informative essay is on par with the standard five paragraph essay insofar as you need an introduction, body, and conclusion. You should set aside a single body paragraph for each of the key ideas you are presenting in support of your thesis. If you need more information on strategic marketing management for your paper, check out 20 topics on marketing management with a sample essay. Furthermore, you have a chance to see full scale facts on the same issue that will help your  informative essay writing.

De Broglie Wavelength Hypothesis Overview

De Broglie Wavelength Hypothesis Overview The De Broglie hypothesis proposes that all matter exhibits wave-like properties and relates the observed wavelength of matter to its momentum. After Albert Einsteins photon theory became accepted, the question became whether this was true only for light or whether material objects also exhibited wave-like behavior. Here is how the De Broglie hypothesis was developed. De Broglies Thesis In his 1923 (or 1924, depending on the source) doctoral dissertation, the French physicist Louis de Broglie made a bold assertion. Considering Einsteins relationship of wavelength lambda to momentum p, de Broglie proposed that this relationship would determine the wavelength of any matter, in the relationship: lambda h / p recall that h is Plancks constant This wavelength is called the de Broglie wavelength. The reason he chose the momentum equation over the energy equation is that it was unclear, with matter, whether E should be total energy, kinetic energy, or total relativistic energy. For photons, they are all the same, but not so for matter. Assuming the momentum relationship, however, allowed the derivation of a similar de Broglie relationship for frequency f using the kinetic energy Ek: f Ek / h Alternate Formulations De Broglies relationships are sometimes expressed in terms of Diracs constant, h-bar h / (2pi), and the angular frequency w and wavenumber k: p h-bar * kEk h-bar * w Experimental Confirmation In 1927, physicists Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer, of Bell Labs, performed an experiment where they fired electrons at a crystalline nickel target. The resulting diffraction pattern matched the predictions of the de Broglie wavelength. De Broglie received the 1929 Nobel Prize for his theory (the first time it was ever awarded for a Ph.D. thesis) and Davisson/Germer jointly won it in 1937 for the experimental discovery of electron diffraction (and thus the proving of de Broglies hypothesis). Further experiments have held de Broglies hypothesis to be true, including the quantum variants of the double slit experiment. Diffraction experiments in 1999 confirmed the de Broglie wavelength for the behavior of molecules as large as buckyballs, which are complex molecules made up of 60 or more carbon atoms. Significance of the de Broglie Hypothesis The de Broglie hypothesis showed that wave-particle duality was not merely an aberrant behavior of light, but rather was a fundamental principle exhibited by both radiation and matter. As such, it becomes possible to use wave equations to describe material behavior, so long as one properly applies the de Broglie wavelength. This would prove crucial to the development of quantum mechanics. It is now an integral part of the theory of atomic structure and particle physics. Macroscopic Objects and Wavelength Though de Broglies hypothesis predicts wavelengths for ​matter of any size, there are realistic limits on when its useful. A baseball thrown at a pitcher has a de Broglie wavelength that is smaller than the diameter of a proton by about 20 orders of magnitude. The wave aspects of a macroscopic object are so tiny as to be unobservable in any useful sense, although interesting to muse about.

Ruger Clinic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ruger Clinic - Essay Example There are various advantages of cost volume profit analysis which medical or health care industry can exploit to become more efficient at analyzing different levels of activity. It can then use the optimal activity level to increase its profitability. Hence we can say that cost volume profit analysis can be used to enhance the profitability of the health care industry. A medical company which is diversified in various different operation or have different departments can use it to see if operating on a large scale will be more efficient and whether or not it is worth putting more time and effort into the business. Similarly, there are chances that fixed are less than variable costs for a department. However, this will be only visible after CVP analysis, whether or not we can start a new department, it is feasible or not. Hence, a medical company will have to use CVP analysis to look at the profitability of a new department if they plan to diversify its services. As we know that moder n machinery is pervading the health care industry, a lot of investment needs to be done. Hence, this implies long-term commitment with specialized labor (doctors, surgeon, support staff etc) which means heavy burden of costs on a firm. However, CVP analysis is a toll that can be used by these firms to assess how long it will be before they will be able to cover their costs and start making profit. This is important when you have more than one alternative, and you look CVP to choose the best option, where cost recovery is fast and profit-making potential is highest. Similarly, there are various assumptions that we have to make when we go about doing CVP analysis. One such assumption is that fixed remain constant. This may not be true, but it is easier for managers in the field of health care to plan ahead, and as discussed above, it may help them to choose the best alternative. Machinery improves efficiency, and medical-service managers can use it to convince their manager or investo r to attract investment by showing them CVP results. Capitation is a fixed flat payment made to a health-care services provider for providing service to a particular segment or defined population. These payments are made on per capita basis that is calculation is done on per-person basis and are made monthly or as the contract states. The three most widely used methods of capitation are fee-for-service, cost and demographic approach. In the fee-for-service approach, the revenue line is mostly upward sloping. It starts from zero as when there is zero level of activity, there is no revenue for the health-care service provider, but it goes up with the level of activity. The higher the number of people to whom service is provided, the greater the revenue. In the cost approach, rather than a fixed fee is charged, the company charges total costs that are incurred in providing health care services, and then that fee is charged to the client. This approach can be referred as "pay for all approach and was very common in traditional capitation payments. In demographic capitation, pharmacists are only responsible or contract to provide their services to people of specific age, gender and geographic location. This is done to buffer them from unexpected disease found in particular demographic group and to make sure that they do not suffer as a

The Portray of African-American women in 1960s Research Paper

The Portray of African-American women in 1960s - Research Paper Example John F. Kennedy was elected president in 1961 and he became a president who was very much dedicated to the protection and establishment of civil rights for all Americans (Zeitz, 2006). Two years after he was elected, Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his ‘I Have a Dream’ speech, and in the process, inspired many African Americans and civil rights groups to firmly seek the equal protection of their rights, regardless of their skin color (Zeitz, 2006). When President Lyndon Johnson took over as president after Kennedy’s assassination, he also firmly pressed support for civil rights laws, and in 1964, the Civil Rights Act was signed by Johnson. This law made racial segregation in America legally actionable (Marwick, 1998). A year after the Civil Rights Act was signed, the National Voting Rights Act was also passed into law, and this law also ensured that discrimination in voting practices would become legally actionable (Marwick, 1998). Towards the end of the 1960s, Presi dent Richard Nixon would soon take over and the Vietnam War would also take center stage in American issues and politics. Nevertheless, the legal foundations for civil rights were laid out during the 1960s (Marwick, 1998). For African-Americans, it marked a time when they were finally able to gain full equal and legal status as their white counterparts. For African-American women in the 1960s, it also marked a period of transition. The Emancipation Proclamation during the 1860s was meant to free African-Americans from slavery, however, this did not necessarily grant the African-Americans equal rights under the law (Stack, 1974). They were still very much discriminated against by general society, and not allowed the same rights and privileges as the whites. The Jim Crow Laws of 1876 also passed segregation laws for the black communities, separating them from the white communities (Stack, 1974). These laws also indicated where the African-Americans were supposed to live. These practic es would however soon gain the ire of the African-Americans as gradually many of them, along with civil rights activists sought equal rights for all Americans regardless of race (Quintard, 2003). The decision of the Supreme Court in 1954 on the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas also started the ball rolling for the desegregation in schools. However, major strides towards racial desegregation on a wider scale were still not seen (Quintard, 2003). Anthropologist Carol Stack in her book ‘All Our Kin’ focused on what she refers to as Jackson Harbor in order to examine the discrimination practices against the African Americans (Stack, 1974). Stack (1974) discusses that in Jackson Harbor, in Mississippi, poverty and racial discrimination played a huge part in romantic inclinations and relations. For one, women usually viewed men in a stereotypical fashion – behaving bad, drinking, being violent, being involved in crimes, and the like (Stack, 1974). Women al so saw themselves as the more reliable individuals, and the fact that they had access to welfare made them more formidable individuals than their male counterparts. Stack (1974) discusses how within the community, the African-American women possessed equal rights in relation to African American men. However as far as the bigger world is concerned, the white-dominated American society through its racist and sexist practices had great control over the lives of African American women. In effect, these women had the power to make the decisions for their families and themselves,